UK Art Prize winners Chris Boyd & Penny Klepuzewska

Big Art Challenge. Fifty thousand people entered Five's national art competition, in which they aimed to seek out the next Damien Hirst or John Constable. Ten of these entrants managed to get to the grand final in Liverpool, where video artist Chris Boyd and photographer Penny Klepuszewska were declared joint winners of the prize.

Chris Boyd video artist. Selected Video Stills

Chris Boyd Selected Photography and Video Stills Exhibition.

This fast rising young Warrington-born artist worked with Tate Online as part of the London 2012 countdown, directing the music promo, ‘And Again’ for Tigs, and has won the Channel Five TV’s Big Art Challenge UK Art Prize. Labelled by controversial art critic, Brian Sewell, as a ‘genius’, his is a name to watch.

What's Coming at WWDC: New iPhone, New Apps and Snow Leopard

For Apple watchers, next week will -- if rumors are correct -- bring a host of reasons to rejoice.

The sold-out Worldwide Developer Conference, or WWDC, happening June 9-13 in San Francisco, is widely expected to be the venue at which company CEO Steve Jobs unveils a second-generation iPhone, a panoply of new applications for the iPhone and iPod Touch, a new MacBook Pro and the next upgrade to OS X, codenamed "Snow Leopard."

The highlight of the week will be Jobs' keynote, scheduled for 10 a.m. on Monday morning. Wired.com will be covering the WWDC keynote live on Gadget Lab.

After the keynote, Apple will take developers behind closed doors for a week of secret briefings. (Press are not invited to the conference sessions, and attendees are bound by a nondisclosure agreement.)

IPhone 2
Most hotly anticipated, of course, is the announcement of a new iPhone, which will probably include support for fast, 3-G wireless data and advanced geotagging features, if not outright GPS capability. As with other WWDC rumors, Apple has been characteristically close-mouthed about these details, refusing to confirm even the existence of a new iPhone. That hasn't stopped bloggers and journalists from engaging in iPhone mania, even going so far as to photograph incoming cargo shipments that may or may not contain new iPhones.

New iPhone Software, New Apps
The iPhone and iPod Touch operating system will also probably receive an upgrade to version 2.0, which, according to leaked shots of posters at the Moscone center, has been rebranded "OS X iPhone." The new OS will also likely include an App Store, integrated with iTunes, enabling users to purchase and install new software.

Apple's software development kit, or SDK, for the iPhone and iPod Touch has been in the wild for several months. Given what the developer community has achieved with the current iPhone, we can expect some exciting new toys. Programmers working with hacked iPhones have gotten their hooks deep into the OS, creating a video recorder, a Last.FM music streaming client and even an NES emulator. Now that an official development platform is available, look for Apple-sanctioned versions of applications like these to begin appearing next week.

It's also likely that users of first-generation iPhones will be able to upgrade their handsets with the new OS. Indie developer Gus Mueller of Flying Meat says, "Developers already have their hands full with the current iPhone as it is, [but] I would love to see GPS in an iPhone."

GPS support is the big question mark. The SDK has support for geotagging photos, which could help turn photo-sharing sites like Flickr into a giant mapping service for photographs. However, it's still unclear whether the new iPhone will contain a GPS unit or whether it will compute its location by triangulating WiFi hotspots and cell towers, as the current model does.

We could, too, see something like the Streetview overlay demonstrated in Google’s Android platform.

New MacBook Pro
There are other hardware expectations, too. One is a new MacBook Pro, the external design of which has remained almost unchanged since the PowerBook G4 back in 2001. Many people want a return to the form factor of the 12” PowerBook, but even if this doesn’t show, a little reorganization is needed. The Pro version is overshadowed by the consumer level MacBook with its new-style keyboard and user-changeable hard drive.

OS X 10.6, Snow Leopard
The rumors say that there is a possibility that Apple will preview OS X 10.6, or Snow Leopard, at the conference. It will drop support for the PowerPC-based Macs, possibly be 64-bit only and will be coming just months after the release of Leopard. According to reports, it will focus on performance enhancements and stability improvements -- two areas that Leopard, aka OS X 10.5, has been criticized for.

An Intel-only release would pave the way for Apple to drop PowerPC support altogether. It would be a controversial move: Many people argue that PowerPC G5 machines are still perfectly capable. However, Apple killed off OS 9 pretty quickly and does not have the best track record when it comes to supporting older hardware (Leopard already requires at least an 867 MHz or faster G4 chip).

It seems likely that moving to a pure 64-bit system would be more appealing to Apple than continuing to support the increasingly long-in-the-tooth PowerPC architecture.

What actually comes out of WWDC is still uncertain however. What we do know is that Jobs will make the most of his semiannual turn in the spotlight to focus as much hype and excitement on Apple's products as he can.

Microscope Shows Cells in 3-D

German researchers have developed a microscope that depicts cells in never-before-seen detail.

Not only does the microscope have a 100 nanometer resolution, up from the 200 to 300 nanometer focus of conventional microscopes: by mixing several beams of light to create a lighting pattern that varies both horizontally and vertically, it shows cells in three dimensions.

Better yet, it doesn't require special components and is no harder to use than a standard microscope.

This technique, write the researchers in an article published today in Science, "opens interesting new perspectives for molecular cell biology." Indeed it does. And the pictures are also quite lovely.

Experimental Drug Makes the Immune System Revolt Against Cancer

A biotech company, founded by researchers from the University of Munich, has developed a fascinating way to make the immune system fight cancer.

On Thursday, Micromet Inc. announced that its experimental drug, MT103, had impressive results in a test upon seven Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma patients. All of them had failed at least three conventional treatments, but showed signs of recovery after receiving doses of a two-headed antibody.

BiTE antibodies, or bispecific T cell engagers, are highly-engineered biological molecules with sticky ends. One side can cling to CD19, a protein found on cancerous B cells, and the other half can grab onto CD3, which is found on cytotoxic T cells. By momentarily drawing those cells together, the drug can coax the cytotoxic T cells into fighting the disease.

Training the immune system to fight cancer may be one of the best ways to keep it from coming back after several rounds of standard treatment. In most cases, surgery and radiation cannot get rid of every last cancer cell. Traditional chemotherapy may halt the growth of tumors, but it will not finish them off. Even after the best treatments, clusters of cancerous or pre-cancerous cells, called micrometastases, often drift around in the body and lodge themselves into vital organs.

To eliminate those lingering killers, many researchers have turned to cancer vaccines, which can convince the body to hunt down stray cancer cells and destroy them when they flare up. BiTE antibodies are another way to harness the defensive power of our immune systems.

When I spoke to Christian Itlin, CEO of Micromet, he said that many blockbuster cancer drugs are made from antibodies, and there is some evidence that they work by stirring up the immune system -- even though that is not how they were meant to operate. His company does intentionally what others have done accidentally -- making drugs that train the body to viciously attack cancer. In theory, their strategy could be used to combat many varieties of the deadly disease, but their treatment for lymphoma happens to be furthest along in the pipeline.

Since this was a very early trial, which was meant meant to assess the safety rather than effectiveness of the new drug, the good news should be a source of cautious optimism. Three more clinical trials of the BiTE antibody are starting in Germany. Two are for lymphoma. The newest one is meant to attack colorectal, gastrointestinal, and lung cancer.

Julius Beever Sidewalk Artist

One Sheet of Paper Art

Entries for an Art contest at the Hirshhorn Morden Art Gallery in DC. The rule was that the artist could use only one sheet of paper.

Bruce Lee portrait By Scott blake

Scott Blake used the barcodes from ten Bruce Lee movies to create this 8 foot portrait of the Chinese martial artist. The mosaic tiles are arranged in a zig-zag pattern to break focus like a shockwave from a punch.

Scott also made video interface to scan each barcode on the Bruce Lee face, and a computer plays short fight clip from that movie.

Bar code Art By Scott Blake

Barcode Yourself is a complete, interactive experience in the series of barcode art, created using the personalized data of participants. Enter an individual's gender, weight, height, age and location, and the barcode is formed using real-world data.

The individualized barcode can then be printed, mapped, scanned, even depicted on a t-shirt or coffee mug. Uber-geeks can even test out their barcodes on their next grocery run.

It is in scanning a barcode that the project reveals its humor, like a banner that reads: Disclaimer! Human beings are not merely worth somewhere between one cent and 10 dollars.

It is here, within the confines of an American obsession with "worth," in which the fun begins. Instead of shoes, we can try on another person's barcode. Become a male, 33 years old from Luxembourg, with a perfect body. Congratulations, you're a crisp 10-dollar bill. A teenage girl in Monaco: $5.25. To be scanned for $4.79, you have to be a 40-year old female living in Canada.

The data entered into Barcode Yourself takes a topsy-turvy twist to its personalized end numbers, with the exception of the hard-data that correlates with "location," which tallies up in the Gross Domestic Product of each country.

The calculation an individual's BMI based on the height and weight data reveals the health of an individual, thus those considered underweight or overweight are worth less money. In addition, in comment to the dominance of the United States, all barcodes are published in inches and pounds. A female barcode takes the real-world hit of earning 72 cents less than each dollar earned by a man. The average for age takes on the most comic tone, borrowing from the worlds' most famous 33-year old, Jesus.

With the complexity of mocking self-identity, Barcode Yourself lays out a fresh absurdity in the modern world of consumerism.

Review Lisa Schleipfer

Ice Painting by Canadian artist Gordon Halloran

British Columbia artist Gordon Halloran is displaying vast abstract paintings on large ice surfaces in an exhibit named Pitture Sotto Zero (Paintings Below Zero) in Italy at The Cultural Olympiad.

The artist's work is featured at Fortezza di Fenestrelle. The exhibit uses a cooling system to freeze and re-freeze the ice to create multi-dimensional paintings. The paintings, which have the quality of shiny, transparent marble, hang like stained glass in brilliantly colored icy sheets across the floor and up the walls of the Fortezza's church, in windows, doorways, and the open courtyard at its entrance.

In Canada, Halloran's paintings have been called the quintessential Canadian art form. Halloran and his crew of six have been working since the beginning of the year to freeze and re-freeze paint and water to create deeply complex paintings. The empty church has been used as a workshop.

"Ice itself fascinates me," said Halloran. "Its ephemeral nature constantly freezes and changes temperature, dripping, re-freezing, cracking and breaking. This causes the color to migrate along the path of the crystal structure, and creates fantastic complexity and a three-dimensional quality to the paintings."

The vastness of the Canadian winter landscape as well as the artist's experience playing hockey as a boy pushed the artist to work with large ice surfaces, such as Olympic-sized ice rinks where his paintings have been exhibited in Canada, the World Figure Skating Championships, the Calgary Olympic Plaza, and other arenas.

The Cultural Olympiad is a festival that aims to put the cultural aspect of the Olympics on the same footing as the games.

Jeonju: helping film-makers realise their dreams

Shane Danielsen

As film festivals proliferate, their struggle to remain meaningful, to be of use, becomes more urgent. Yet a recent visit to Jeonju, in South Korea, showed one possible way forward.

In national terms, the festival is an underdog, overshadowed and out-resourced by the goliath that Pusan, held in October, has become. Nevertheless, it has carved out its own niche, with a programme dedicated largely to independent and experimental cinema, and under the banner of the Jeonju Digital Project, has embarked upon a funding venture with implications far beyond its own limits.

Originally intended to assist Korean directors, it broadened its focus last year to concentrate on Europe, and commissioned half-hour shorts from three very different film-makers: Haroun Farouki from Germany, France's Eugene Green, and Portugal's Pedro Costa. This year its organisers looked still further afield, to Africa, providing writer-directors from Burkina Faso, Chad and Tunisia with $50,000 each, to shoot a film on HD video.

Why Africa? Jeonju's programme director, Jung Soo-wan, mentioned an epiphany she'd had while attending an Idrissa Ouedraogo retrospective at the Rotterdam Film Festival in 2006 (and unsurprisingly, that film-maker, one of the founding fathers of African cinema, is one of the three showcased here). But more tellingly, she also expressed the belief that it is Africa which will benefit most from the digital revolution, and she made it clear that Jeonju wished to be involved from an early stage.

Their support took the form of a single payment, with no strings attached. "We wanted to give the film-makers complete freedom," said Jung, who also served as producer on the project. "We didn't want to dictate what they made. There was dialogue between us, of course. Discussions as to what would be required, the length of shoot, and so on. But no control on what they wanted to do."

The project produced at least one major work - Expectations by Mahamat-Saleh Haroun, from Chad, further demonstrated the mastery evident in his features Abouna and Daratt, with an anguished parable of a man shamed by his failure to escape the third world for the first. Imbued with his customary visual elegance, it made its political points discreetly and well, and built, like all his work, to a quietly devastating conclusion.

By contrast, Tunisian Nacer Khemir delivered a sincere but ultimately narcissistic study of a film-maker (played by the director himself) in crisis; Youssef Chahine would be proud - and that's no compliment. Ouedraogo, meanwhile, continued the sad decline of his recent work, with a single-take tale of adultery and retribution that seemed first clumsy, and finally ludicrous.

A mixed bag, then, as one might expect - but traditional notions of "quality" might not be the point here. Initiatives such as these are, after all, textbook examples of festivals looking to harvest fields they themselves have sown. Hungry for product to screen, and desperate for "exclusives" that set them apart from their peers, the more enterprising (and cash-rich) events have elected to commission and create their own work.

Rotterdam, of course, led the way, with the Hubert Bals Fund, founded in 1988 to provide support for "disadvantaged" film cultures around the world ... in return for which, the festival gains a slate of works to world-premiere. The fund currently spends approximately €1.2m per year.

Jung spoke with passionate enthusiasm of "the complete independence" of the works Jeonju had financed, their liberation from any hint of commercial imperative; the films, she implied, were pure works of art. Yet in doing so, she tacitly acknowledged that short films in general - and these in particular - can barely exist these days outside of the cloistered environment of a festival such as this one.

But it also opens a further can of worms: do these bequests, however well-intentioned, equal a form of colonialism? The Hubert Bals Fund, after all, seems to reward only one particular kind of film-making: slow, introspective, faintly contemptuous of traditional narrative or, for that matter, or mainstream audiences. Proclaiming itself a liberator, it in fact puts its film-makers in a ghetto and keeps them there, far from the cloddish attentions of the mainstream.

By contrast, a number of international critics have argued in recent years that French money, used to finance film-makers such as Kyrgyzstan's Aktan Abdykalykov, or China's Yu Li

, has radically transformed those directors' aesthetics, obliging them to adopt the visual grammar of "western arthouse cinema". It's the opposite of the Bals dilemma: a case of wanting to reach other audiences, and making the necessary compromises - but losing one's own voice in the process.

For the record, neither Saleh Haroun's nor Ouedraogo's films seemed anything less than quintessentially African. Still, the question of patronage remains, provoking and perplexing, defying easy answers.

A High Flying Artist

For seven days, a giant nest 50 metres up one side of the Weena Tower in Rotterdam has been home for Dutch artist Benjamin Verdonck. He’s recently descended from his lofty abode but as these images reveal, it would have been no mean task getting his nest up there in the first place. And if you’re going to spend a week sitting on a collection of twigs, obviously you’d make sure you had a nice grey suit to wear…




Verdonck apparently built his nest over six weeks using, he says, “the crowns of 23 silver birches, one birch, one willow, two straw bales, one bucket of spit, three bags of sand, 12 buckets of glue and 19 canso polyurethane foam.” That’s a lot of spit by anyones standards.

After making a “risk analysis” and guaranteeing “access for the emergency services” Verdonck attached his new home to the tower and remained there for seven days, occasionally flinging feathers down onto the street. We’re not sure if his droppings went the same way.

"Flying Over Water"

PETER GREENAWAY

The exhibition at the Malmö' Konsthall "Flying Over Water" features the British artist and film director Peter Greenaway and is a continuation of his 1997 exhibition at Fundacio Joan Miro in Barcelona, in which he explored the Icarus myth. The theme has interested Greenaway for a long time; it entices us to dream, to go beyond ourselves and attempt to achieve the impossible. Icarus, the first casualty of human flight, is the link between different opposites: water and air, sky and sea, to fly or to drown, ambition and failure. His story is permeated by uncertainties and questionmarks.

"Flying Over Water" is both ironic and amusing. Using an in-depth, many-sided and aesthetic approach, Peter Greenaway explores and presents all the different aspects of the Icarus myth. Approximately thirty stations present an ingenious mapping of Icarus' aerial journey from its first conception to the fall. What Greenaway asks himself - and the public - includes subjects ranging from the quality' of the feathers (which bird gave its life so that Icarus could fly?), the wind conditions, and the physical attributes of icarus (to be able to fly is it better to be a marathon endurance runner or a muscular sprinter?), to the splash when he fell from the sky into the sea.

"Flying Over Water" is an overwhelming lesson in the art of seeing, achieved by displaying objects and events in an unexpected and provocative way. Greenaway guides the observers' eyes, sharpens their perceptions and awakens their attention. Peter Greenaway seduces our senses in order to lead us to what is essential in an installation that is both visual and physical in nature.

How do artists fare on the silver screen?

Photograph: Getty

By Jessica Lack

Jake and Dinos Chapman are making a feature film and speculation is rife regarding its subject matter. The Independent suggested it might be a comedy about the art world. How tantalising - a lacerating satire on the British art scene over the past 20 years. And with the Chapmans' unrivalled talent for biting the hand that feeds them, it's hard not to imagine a scene in which art world notables are hung out to dry like rotting corpses on a blackened tree. Yet, if we know one thing about the Chapmans, it's that they are predictably unpredictable. Conjecture is futile.

By choosing to direct a film, they are following an increasingly popular route for artists. Ever since the dadaists saw the potential for experimenting with the silver screen, artists have been tempted to make feature films. Salvador Dalí collaborated with the filmmaker Luis Buñuel on Un Chien Andalou - infamous for the gory eye-slicing scene - and L'Age d' Or, which sees a grim-faced Max Ernstplay a bandit chief.

For some artists the appeal of film is financial - particularly in the case of Dali. Paradoxically Andy Warhol found film to be a respite from the commercial demands of the art world for his silk-screen idols. Yet, the financial aspect is perhaps why fewer directors are lured the other way. The notable exception is Peter Greenaway, whose installations have all the suspense of the cinema. His magnum opus, Flying over Water at the Malmö Konsthall in Sweden, felt like a frightening thriller, with metal baths bolted to the floor as cascades of water plunged into the gallery.

It is not a seamless transition, though. For every Steve McQueen (who just won the camera d'Or at Cannes for Hunger), there's a Tracey Emin with her frankly boring film Top Spot. There is a danger that artists treat the feature film like a video installation, forgetting that their audience sit through the entire two hours and will want a decent script and story line. Whatever the Chapmans come up with, it will certainly be worth seeing just how their warped vision of the world translates onto screen.

Pioneers of the New Frontier

by Eric Kohn

A few days ago, YouTube film manager and Wonderland Advisory Board member Sara Pollack took a nice long look at the way digital distribution has been kickstarting filmmaker careers in unique bottom-up strategies that Hollywood can't touch. She mentioned a few examples, each of which showcased a different approach. The key here isn't the setting of precedents so much as the importance of experimentation: Each artist was willing to subject themselves to uncharted terrain in order to reach audiences that would otherwise seem unattainable. Here's a quick overview of the bolder ones whose efforts paid off.




Eccentric California artist M dot Strange didn't want to sell his soul to Hollywood after his far-out animated work We Are the Strange premiered at Sundance. Instead, he continued to build a devout group of fans who follow his every move on YouTube and elsewhere. Check out M dot's revealing lecture, where he recaps the whole experience, at a recent appearance in Berlin.

Sara Pollack: Noises Off

Never mind Cannes. All film-makers need for that blockbuster is a laptop

I'm on my way out of the Cannes Film Festival, where I've spent the past week helping film-makers who want to put their work online. Between watching a ton of short films and spending many hours in my hotel room in front of my computer, I've managed to spend some time reading the film-industry press. Every day brings article after article worrying about why movies are having such a hard time at the moment. Is it down to fear of a recession in the US? Is it because the dollar is too weak?
It's hard to say for sure. But one thing's clear: this is not a time when studios want to spend big unless they're sure they're going to get their money back. If you're making Indiana Jones, you might be in luck, but otherwise you're going to have a hard time.
This is where the internet comes into its own, with its economics of free distribution and unlimited choice. There are more than 1.2 billion people online. Hundreds of millions of videos are watched on YouTube every day. And whether you're a major film studio or an independent film-maker, that offers you an opportunity you can't ignore.
You've no idea what it feels like if you've been struggling to get anyone to pay any attention to your work to suddenly have something seen by 300,000 people online, not just as passive viewers but as active participants, leaving ratings, comments and video responses. It gives film-makers an amazing focus; because there's so much material on the internet, they have to think hard about who their audience is and how to target them.
We're starting to see ever more sophisticated uses of the medium, from major studios as well as indepen-dent film-makers. Of course, most people simply put their finished work on YouTube to promote their films and to make some money from advertising. But many are putting experimental ideas on the site to gauge the reaction and refine their plans, while others have used viewer feedback to determine where in the world to arrange showings when distribution budgets are tight. The point is that film-makers are involving the viewer in every stage of the process – from ideas-generation, to editing, to distribution.
Movie-making has always been about collaboration. But the new kinds of interactivity we're seeing are blurring the division between fans and film-makers. Look at m.strange's We Are the Strange, which viewers have translated into 17 different languages; look at
Four Eyed Monsters, which is about the couple who made it and how they met on a social networking site, and which has drawn so many video responses from viewers that they've edited their favourites into a follow-up film.
The mainstream is catching on. After its success online, Four Eyed Monsters got a DVD release, and after 32 million views, an amateur nature film called Battle at Kruger has been adapted for an hour-long National Geographic special.
We now live in a world of amateur film-makers, where the ubiquity of video camera phones and cheap recording equipment has opened up opportunities for everyone to create. The ingredients of raw talent – an ear for dialogue, an eye for the perfect shot and the creative brilliance to craft something that touches and inspires the viewer – are increasingly all that are needed to shine through.
And as more people become aware of the talent emerging and blossoming online, there's no doubt that one day we'll see a blockbuster mainstream cinema release originate from a 90- second clip online.

Dean Kamen's Robot Arm

Dean Kamen showed some video of the impressive, mind-controlled prosthetic robot arm he's invented.

Kamen's arm, dubbed "Luke" is an incredibly sophisticated bit of engineering that's lightyears ahead of the clamping "claws" that many amputees are forced to use today. The arm is fully articulated, giving the user the same degrees of movement as a natural arm, and is sensitive enough to pick up a piece of paper, a wineglass or even a grape without mishap.

avatar

The theme of Microsoft Advance '08 is "Connected Entertainment" -- mobile, music, TV/video, gaming. The big Live Search announcement will be covered live tomorrow.
Today, filmmaker James Cameron's producing partner at Lightstorm Entertainment, Jon Landau, said the abundance of digital information and the ability to use technologies opened up a whole new window that Cameron didn't know existed.
James Cameron started making films when they were photochemical emulsions. Now, films are digital.
"The essence of storytelling stays the same," said Cameron. "Intense CG (computer-generated) scenes with multiple shots doesn't change that. My greatest horror was the best thing we created would end up like the Ark of the Covenant and be put in a warehouse somewhere. I will make all my films in 3-D. I've been banging on the door at Microsoft since I introduced Windows Media 9 with LL Cool J and Bill Gates in 2002. Now I tell them, this is what you guys need to be doing. I'm going to continue to surf that wave."
His new film, Avatar, features a man who tries to become a miner by combining his being with an alien during an interplanetary war in which aliens can manifest themselves through human bodies — avatars.
"'Avatar' will make people truly experience something," said Cameron."One more layer of the suspension of disbelief will be removed. All the syn-thespians are photo-realistic. Now that we've achieved it, we discovered CG characters in 3D look more real than in 2D. Your brain is cued it's a real thing not a picture and discounting part of image that makes it look fake."
Part of the movie is subtitled because it takes place on an alien planet.
Avatar will have a human heart beating at its narrative center. It's an emotional journey of redemption and revolution; the story of a wounded ex-marine, who's thrust into an effort to settle and exploit an exotic planet rich in bio-diversity. He eventually crosses over to lead the indigenous race in a battle for survival.
Cameron has created an entire world, a complete ecosystem of phantasmagorical plants and creatures, and a native people with a rich culture and language. The film has a December 2009 release date.
"I don't know whether it will be a great film from a narrative and critical standpoint," said Cameron. "The experience of Avatar will be an experience unlike any other movie."
He started with Microsoft Research looking at the way people see. The project soon moved out of the realm of speculation.
"'Avatar' is the single most complex piece of filmmaking ever made," said Cameron. "We have 1,600 shots for a 2.5 hour movie. It's not with a single CGI character, like King Kong or Gollum. We have hundreds of photo-realistic CG characters. We were Microsoft's sandbox for filmmaking beyond the cutting edge."
During the film, he would grab chairs, gather his team, and talk about what they were doing wrong, how to do it better. That just isn't done on a film set.
The heart of the film technology is a digital asset management system created by Microsoft, which was praised by Cameron and Landau for understanding the arts and filmmaking. The system can track every cloud and every blade of CGI grass in the film.
Cameron noted that Titanic was about how technology let us down. He has always tried to be on cutting edge of what's going on. The Abyss featured the first photo-realistic CG character. Then "The Terminator" combined CG and human actors. "True Lies" pushed the bar even higher with composite technology.
In "Titanic" as a filmmaker, I struck the perfect balance of technology and the human heart," said Cameron. "I haven't forgotten that lesson with Avatar. It's the best lesson for any filmmaker."
Cameron also noted the radical changes in film distribution and made a prediction for the future:
"I'm on the fourth screen. The giant screen. Then it scatters down to other screens. It gets more interesting as more means of digital distribution become available to us. The interesting thing is the actual movie business is going strong. If you valued up revenues of what's lost to piracy, movies are doing better now than they ever have. You can have an HD screen in your home.
He noted, "Windows organized things spatially. That gave it its power. But we're not displaying things spatially. What could happen is now that the digital cinema revolution has taken place is the killer app is 3D. Dreamworks has announced all its animated films will be made and projected in 3D. Gaming will be changed by 3D. Consumer electronics people will need to make players for stereo-enabled monitors. Future versions of Windows should be fully stereoscopic. Smaller devices already are 3D-enabled without glasses. If you play "Avatar" on a 50-inch monitor, you're in the game."
Cameron said, "This is the ultimate immersive media. It's my fundamental belief that when you're viewing media in stereo, more neurons are firing, learning rates are higher. Engagement levels are higher. As advertisers, you need to think about how you're going to use this new dimension. How will you use the deeper levels of engagement?"

A call to tiger uppercut Crystal Castles in the FACE!!!

Magnetic Fields Drawings

Flint Weisser , a soon-to-be Pratt minted MFA, created a series of beautiful drawings by capturing the complex interactions of magnetic fields. Each piece consists of magnets bolted to steel plates and covered with a thin film of nickel particles sandwiched in plastic. The nickel particles act like iron filings to align themselves to the magnets' fields. It's fascinating to see the invisible electromagnetic world brought to our eyes in these glowing lines and shapes.

Dinosaur Mummy Found

The amazing discovery of one of the finest and rarest dinosaur specimens ever unearthed -- a partially intact dino mummy found in the Hell Creek Formation Badlands of North Dakota was made by 16-year-old fossil hunter Tyler Lyson on his uncle's farm.

Scientists on Monday announced the discovery of what appears to be the world's most intact dinosaur mummy: a 67-million-year-old plant-eater that contains fossilized bones and skin tissue, and possibly muscle and organs.
Preserved by a natural fluke of time and chemistry, the four-ton mummified hadrosaur, a duck-billed herbivore common to North America, could reshape the understanding of dinosaurs and their habitat, its finders say.

Nicknamed Dakota, the hadrosaur is one of only five naturally preserved dinosaur mummies ever discovered. Unlike previous dinosaur mummies, which typically involve skin impressions pressed into bones, Dakota's entire skin envelope appears to remain largely intact.

Largest squid ever caught

Scientists at the national museum of New Zealand, Te Papa, have recently completed dissections of several enormous squids, including pieces of a colossal squid -- the largest invertebrate ever caught. The female specimen weighs more than 1,000 pounds and measures 26 feet long.

The squid's resemblance to fiction's monsters of the deep, including its dinner-plate-size eyes, has attracted global interest. Scientists now believe the cephalopods can grow even larger, to more than 45 feet long, with a corresponding increase in weight.

The colossal squid is not to be confused with the giant squid, which is longer but less massive. The colossal squid pictured is almost twice as heavy as the largest giant squid discovered.

Psychiatric Service Dog

A psychiatric service dog is a specific type of service dog trained to assist their handler with a psychiatric disability. Although assistance dogs classically help with physical disabilities, there are a wide range of psychiatric issues that an assistance dog may be able to help with as well.

Often, people with depression build a support network of family, friends and their doctor as part of their first steps towards recovery. Their support team can be expaned to include an unexpected, but important companion - their dog.

About Panic Disorder

Panic Disorder is a serious condition that around one out of every 75 people might experience. It usually appears during the teens or early adulthood, and while the exact causes are unclear, there does seem to be a connection with major life transitions that are potentially stressful: graduating from college, getting married, having a first child, and so on. There is also some evidence for a genetic predisposition; if a family member has suffered from panic disorder, you have an increased risk of suffering from it yourself, especially during a time in your life that is particularly stressful.

Please remember that only a licensed therapist can diagnose a panic disorder. There are certain signs you may already be aware of, though.

One study found that people sometimes see 10 or more doctors before being properly diagnosed, and that only one out of four people with the disorder receive the treatment they need. That's why it's important to know what the symptoms are, and to make sure you get the right help.

Many people experience occasional panic attacks, and if you have had one or two such attacks, there probably isn't any reason to worry. The key symptom of panic disorder is the persistent fear of having future panic attacks. If you suffer from repeated (four or more) panic attacks, and especially if you have had a panic attack and are in continued fear of having another, these are signs that you should consider finding a mental health professional who specializes in panic or anxiety disorders.

Panic disorder is highly treatable, with a variety of available therapies. These treatments are extremely effective, and most people who have successfully completed treatment can continue to experience situational avoidance or anxiety, and further treatment might be necessary in those cases. Once treated, panic disorder doesn't lead to any permanent complications.

Without treatment, panic disorder can have very serious consequences.

The immediate danger with panic disorder is that it can often lead to a phobia. That's because once you've suffered a panic attack, you may start to avoid situations like the one you were in when the attack occurred.

Many people with panic disorder show 'situational avoidance' associated with their panic attacks. For example, you might have an attack while driving, and start to avoid driving until you develop an actual phobia towards it. In worst case scenarios, people with panic disorder develop agoraphobia -- fear of going outdoors -- because they believe that by staying inside, they can avoid all situations that might provoke an attack, or where they might not be able to get help. The fear of an attack is so debilitating, they prefer to spend their lives locked inside their homes.

Even if you don't develop these extreme phobias, your quality of life can be severely damaged by untreated panic disorder. A recent study showed that people who suffer from panic disorder:

are more prone to alcohol and other drug abuse
have greater risk of attempting suicide
spend more time in hospital emergency rooms
spend less time on hobbies, sports and other satisfying activities
tend to be financially dependent on others
report feeling emotionally and physically less healthy than non-sufferers.
are afraid of driving more than a few miles away from home
Panic disorders can also have economic effects. For example, a recent study cited the case of a woman who gave up a $40,000 a year job that required travel for one close to home that only paid $14,000 a year. Other sufferers have reported losing their jobs and having to rely on public assistance or family members.

None of this needs to happen. Panic disorder can be treated successfully, and sufferers can go on to lead full and satisfying lives.

Most specialists agree that a combination of cognitive and behavioral therapies are the best treatment for panic disorder. Medication might also be appropriate in some cases.

The first part of therapy is largely informational; many people are greatly helped by simply understanding exactly what panic disorder is, and how many others suffer from it. Many people who suffer from panic disorder are worried that their panic attacks mean they're 'going crazy' or that the panic might induce a heart attack. 'Cognitive restructuring' (changing one's way of thinking) helps people replace those thoughts with more realistic, positive ways of viewing the attacks.

Cognitive therapy can help the patient identify possible triggers for the attacks. The trigger in an individual case could be something like a thought, a situation, or something as subtle as a slight change in heartbeat. Once the patient understands that the panic attack is separate and independent of the trigger, that trigger begins to lose some of its power to induce an attack.

The behavioral components of the therapy can consist of what one group of clinicians has termed 'interoceptive exposure.' This is similar to the systematic desensitization used to cure phobias, but what it focuses on is exposure to he actual physical sensations that someone experiences during a panic attack.

US company plans tourist spaceship

US company plans tourist spaceship
A California aerospace company plans to enter the space tourism industry with a two-seat rocket ship capable of suborbital flights to altitudes more than 37 miles above the Earth.
The Lynx, about the size of a small private plane, is expected to begin flying in 2010, according to developer Xcor Aerospace, which planned to release details of the design at a news conference later on Wednesday.
The company also said that, pending the outcome of negotiations, the Air Force Research Laboratory has awarded it a research contract to develop and test features of the Lynx. No details were released.
Xcor's announcement comes two months after aerospace designer Burt Rutan and billionaire Sir Richard Branson unveiled a model of SpaceShipTwo, which is being built for Sir Richard's Virgin Galactic space tourism company and may begin test flights this year.
Xcor intends to be a spaceship builder, with another company operating the Lynx and setting prices.
The Lynx is designed to take off from a runway like a normal plane, reach a top speed of Mach 2 and an altitude of 200,000 feet, then descend in a circling glide to a runway landing.
Shaped something like a bulked-up version of the Rutan-designed Long-EZ homebuilt aircraft, its wings will be located toward the rear of the fuselage, with vertical winglets at the tips.
Powered by clean-burning, fully reuseable, liquid-fuel engines, the Lynx is expected to be capable of making several flights a day, Xcor said.

10 tips on how to avoid a messy divorce

1. Don't employ aggressive or combative lawyers.

Do it yourself using a self-help guide, such as Lawpack's DIY Separation & Divorce Kit, or use only tried and tested lawyers that have been recommended by your friends. Resolution (formerly known as the Solicitors' Family Law Association) is a group of family lawyers who are committed to dealing with divorces in a non-aggressive way and who will point you in the right direction if you need help finding a lawyer with the right amicable approach.


2. Protect your children.

Never involve them in the fall out between you and your spouse, and absolutely never use them as pawns so you can achieve your financial goals. The courts take a very dim view (and quite rightly) of parents who deny or offer contact to their children in return for some financial gain. It has been established that children are not so much affected by their parent's divorce as by the way their parents behave towards each other before, during and after the divorce. Don't let your divorce give your children a legacy of unhappiness and difficult relationships of their own.


3. Be dignified.

Don't conduct your dealings with your soon-to-be ex as though you're in the middle of a battle. Keep your communications measured and don't allow yourself to become personal or critical of your spouse or their lawyer. Whenever you are feeling really angry, avoid writing or picking up the phone - wait a day or two when you will be feeling calmer.


4. Tell the truth.

This is an absolute must in all matters financial, or you may find yourself being penalised by the court. Truth in all matters, even if it hurts, is by far the best policy. If you try to hide things and you're found out, your spouse will delve into your affairs in such a way as to increase your costs and theirs, and they will be unlikely to want to reach an early settlement. You could even find that your costs go through the roof.


5. Be empathetic.

Everybody goes through various emotional stages during a divorce - anger, bitterness, sadness, etc. - but not necessarily at the same time. If your spouse seems to be finding it extra tough at a time when you're bouncing back and feeling fine, give them some time and they will catch up with you. Trying to force people into a situation that they are not yet ready for can be cruel and expensive.


6. Mediate or collaborate.

Court proceedings and lawyers are not the only way to reach agreements and settle divorce disputes. Contact familymediationhelpline.co.uk or collaborativefamilylawyers.co.uk for more details of how these procedures work and where to find expert mediators/collaborative lawyers.


7. Don't fight on principle.

Be pragmatic in your approach to the issues that will arise and bear in mind the costs of your fight (both emotionally and financially), as well as the value of what you're trying to gain. The legal buzzword is 'proportionality'. Keep it in mind at all times.


8. Don't flaunt the new love of your life in front of your soon-to-be ex or your children.

Your spouse will not feel better after finding out that you're happy and getting on with life and, however hard they try, it's likely to increase their feelings of hostility and anger about the situation. Children should not be introduced to your new squeeze without you being absolutely sure that your new relationship is stable and, preferably, you should have consent from your spouse about the meeting. Go slowly. If this is a relationship that has staying power, you can afford to hang on.


9. Don't rush into things.

You're not on a short fuse and it's rare that you need to get on with things quickly (unless foreign jurisdictions are involved). Emotions tend to run very high shortly after separation and this doesn't help a couple to sort things out amicably and rationally. Therefore, wait a while before you start the legal ball rolling. Let the dust settle and you may find things slot into place all the more easily as a result.


10. Step back when the going gets hot.

Your nearest and dearest may well say everything you wish to hear when things get bad, but this may not be what you need. Listen, instead, to those who are not afraid to question you and if this means that you have to pay for independent advice from a lawyer or counsellor, so be it. It could well be money well spent.

Werner Herzog on Human Nature & Monsters ...

Werner Herzog gets shot by LA sniper during interview

David Lynch on Transcendental Meditation

David Lynch Ideas

Japan moves beyond HDTV

A research laboratory in Japan is working on a video format that goes far beyond even regular (and still relatively new) high definition television. This technology, named Super Hi-Vision, delivers a screen with 16 times the pixel resolution of an ordinary HDTV screen, giving a sharper, more detailed picture.

This ultra high definition television is so cutting edge that the researchers working for NHK, the Japanese public broadcaster, had to build their own camera to produce test footage for demonstration purposes - they combined 16 normal HDTV recorders.

NHK claims that Super Hi-Vision provides clearer images with a wider viewing angle, for a result 'so real that viewers feel as if they were actually at the site of the broadcast and find themselves attempting to touch what's on the screen.'

The BBC, who often collaborates with NHK on programme production, is planning to use NHK's technology to screen coverage of the 2012 Olympic games on big screens in city centres across the UK.

But for the time being, Super Hi-Vision can only be found in Tokyo, at NHK's Broadcasting Centre, where it is projected onto a 10 by 5.5 metre screen. Full-time public broadcasting in ultra high definition is planned to begin in 2025.

Drawing Restraint 9 Trailer

Matthew Barney Interview

Lines are blurring between humans and machines

Microsoft Table Top PC

A Microsoft representative demonstrates a $10,000 coffee table PC, the Surface. It features touchscreen technology that can sense and process multiple touches at the same time and "turns an ordinary tabletop into a vibrant interactive surface." It's intended for enhancing customer experiences inside retail stores -- or perhaps creating some really cool bar games. At the moment the Surface is available only to select partners in the United States, although Microsoft was gauging a possible entry into the European market.

Bollograph 3D Visualisations

Soscho co-founder Christian Lepper and inventor Peter Boll pose with their "bollograph," a monitor that takes data from a 3-D application and renders it in three dimensions under a dome, where it is viewable from all sides. Possible applications, according to Boll and Lepper, include real-time 3-D TV broadcasts, 3-D cinema, medical uses and flight control.

Doomsday Film Exclusive Clips

Doomsday Film by Neil Marshal TV Spots

Here's a sneak preview of the UK poster, soon to be seen at a tube station and/or bus shelter near you!

Overtones of a North South divide in the UK.

I'm a big fan of Neil Marshall's, I loved the black humour of Dog Soldiers where a bunch of squadies square up to werewolves.

Four television promos for Neil Marshall's Doomsday are making their exclusive web debut with shock till you drop today. Marshall's latest endeavor since the vicious 2006 horror film The Descent.
Stars Rhona Mitra, Bob Hoskins, Malcolm McDowell.





Neil Marshall's myspace:


www.myspace.com/shockmeister

Are you being secretly manipulated?

Does your self-esteem change according to approval or disapproval from others? Always end up apologising simply to keep the peace? If so, you may well have been 'gaslighted'. We talk to psychologist Dr Robin Stern, author of The Gaslight Effect, about spotting and stopping this type of manipulation.

Taking its name from the classic 1944 film, Gaslight, in which Ingrid Bergman plays a woman who suffers at the hands of her manipulative and scheming husband, Stern believes that this particular form of insidious bullying is startlingly common - and can be emotionally devastating.

"The Gaslight Effect results from a relationship between two people; a gaslighter - who needs to be right in order to preserve his own sense of self and his sense of having power in the world - and a gaslightee, who allows him to define her sense of reality.

"Gaslighters and gaslightees can be of either gender, and gaslighting can happen in any type of relationship including with your boss as well as your partner, but I refer to gaslighters as 'he' and gaslightees as 'she' since that's the pairing I most often see in my practice.

"What is remarkable is that most people who experience this kind of manipulation are actually very successful in every other area of their lives and could never imagine themselves in an abusive relationship, but this is such a gradual process that it tends to creep up on them - and by the time they realise it the damage is usually already done," she adds.

She believes women are generally very good at empathising - having been socialised to be people-pleasers - and that it comes naturally for us to put ourselves in other people's shoes.

"The problem," she says, "is that women often fall into the empathy trap, which tends to occur when we become so good at trying to understand where someone else is coming from and how they're feeling that, almost imperceptibly, we start to see things from their perspective.

"Suddenly one's own feelings and sense of reality take a second seat and you will often end up apologising for someone else's behaviour, feeling unsure of yourself and your opinions, losing the courage of your convictions and, over time, essentially forgetting who you are," she cautions.

The warning signs

The Gaslight Effect may not involve all of the experiences or feelings Stern has identified below, but if you recognise any of them in your own relationships, there's a good chance that you may be a victim.

1. You are constantly second-guessing yourself and ask yourself, 'Am I too sensitive?' a dozen times a day.

2. You are always apologising to your mother, father, boyfriend or boss and wonder frequently if you are a "good enough" girlfriend/wife/employee/friend/daughter.

3. You can't understand why, with so many apparently good things in your life, you aren't happier.

4. You frequently make excuses for your partner's behaviour to friends and family.

5. You find yourself withholding information from friends and family so you don't have to explain or make excuses.

6. You start lying to avoid the put-downs and have trouble making simple decisions.

7. You think twice before bringing up certain seemingly innocent topics of conversation.

8. You have a sense that you used to be a very different person.

9. You feel as though you can't do anything right.

10. You find yourself furious with people you've always got along with before.

How to fight back

"The most important thing is to identify what is going on because once you understand what is really happening in your life then that in turn is very empowering," says Stern.

"Once you realise that you have your own part to play in the situation then you automatically have control over stopping it."

The next step is to immediately recognise the Gaslight Effect when it comes up, and to tackle it head on, according to Stern.

"It's a time to opt out of the conversation and to say that, although you respect that person, you are going to have to agree to differ, and thus remove yourself from a potentially volatile situation," she advises.

"Remember, you always have the power to set that boundary and you have the right to be in a relationship where people show respect to you - and if this is not the case then you can simply say, without being belittling or aggressive, that you don't like the way you are being spoken to at the moment or, in the long-term, work out whether or not you really want to stay with that person or in that job, or to leave.

"The ultimate power that we have in any relationship is the power to withdraw. We don't have the power to change somebody's mind or to make them think differently - although we can try!"

Recognising Depression

As a major new study finds that anti-depressant drugs don't work for the majority of people who take them, this raises all sorts of concerns for the one in 10 people who suffer from serious depression.

Probably the main reason for this is that depression has become a catch-all diagnosis that some respected researchers say covers many other emotional and psychological conditions like anxiety, stress, and the unhappiness from distressing life events like divorce and bereavement.

The most important thing I'd like to say to you if you are presently on anti-depressant medication is that you should not stop taking your medication without the guidance of your doctor!
Despite the findings of this report, anyone on medication needs to come off of it in a supervised manner.

The second important point I'd like to make is that anti-depressants like Prozac, Seroxat, Efexor and others, might work very well for you as an individual and you should not worry when hearing about this research that you're doing the wrong thing taking them if they have benefited you!

Now, let's consider the fact that there's a real positive to come out of this report - that we can now re-focus our minds on how best to help those who suffer with depression and who are not helped by anti-depressants.

• Let your nearest and dearest know that you have concerns about your well-being. Don't keep these blue feelings secret. Keeping them to yourself can worsen them.

• Go to your doctor and book a double appointment so that you have plenty of time to go through your symptoms.

• It's terribly important while you're getting help to decrease any demands on your time that you can. The fewer demands that you have in your life, the quicker you can recover. This is about setting limits and learning to assert yourself because many people who get depression struggle with setting boundaries and saying No to other people's demands for their time.

• Make sure you eat well and don't rely on pre-packaged ready meals that may have too much salt, sugar and other additives that are not good for your mood.

• Try to establish a good sleep routine.

• Allow yourself one small nap or rest during the day but avoid staying in bed.

• Take gentle exercise every day to boost your endorphins - those feel-good brain chemicals.

• Try keeping a journal so that you can keep tabs on how your mood goes up and down.

• Get to know what things actually set you off as people are more likely to suffer more depressive episodes if they do not sort out the root cause.

• Begin to learn to talk about your feelings to other people so that you feel you have better communication and stronger relationships - definitely a protective factor that helps protect you from future depression.

• Question whether you're a bit of a perfectionist and need to accept yourself more. Realise the fact that no one is perfect. The seemingly "strongest" and most compassionate people I've ever met have often been depressives! But they must learn to say No to helping others when they need to be gentler and help themselves.

• If you and your doctor think it's appropriate then get counselling. There are different types of counselling but cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been successful for many people with depression. It teaches them how to rethink about their world and challenge any negative beliefs that feed their depression. If you end up going for a "talking cure" with some form of counselling you'll find one interesting point many counsellors talk about is "surrendering to your depression and acknowledging it". In a sense they urge you to "embrace it" so that you can then actually face it head-on. The basis for this is that if you don't wholeheartedly face it and embrace it than you may stay in denial about what's causing it.

Where Does Depression Come From?

Although every person's set of symptoms and experience of depression is unique there are a few major causes, these are:
Reactive depression - where you're "reacting" to some sort of life events like divorce or bereavement.
Chronic depression - a long-term depression that may have resulted from something like a difficult or traumatic childhood or event, or work from a disturbance in your brain chemistry.
Bipolar disorder - manic depression where people experience extreme highs followed by extreme lows.
Postnatal depression (illness) - after the birth of a baby, women may suffer this either in a very minor form right through to a much more serious condition.
SAD - Seasonal Affective Disorder that affects people in the autumn and winter months and is tied into lack of sunlight.
Useful contacts
- besides your own doctor you can find more information and help at:
The Depression Alliance - http://www.depressionalliance.org/
Depression Anonymous - http://www.depressionanonmymous.org/
The SAD Association - http://www.sada.org.uk/
Clinical depression - http://www.clinical-depression.co.uk/
Sane - http://www.sane.org.uk/
Postnatal illness - http://www.pni.org.uk/
The Samaritans - 08457-90-90-90

Health benifits of different tea

The team at Dundee University this week announced that several black tea constituents, known as theaflavins and thearubigins, mimicked the action of insulin. While the scientists stressed that further research is needed, black tea is also full of free-radical fighting antioxidants which protect the heart and fight cancer.

Peppermint tea is most commonly linked with aiding digestion. The menthol content is widely believed to ease problems such as diarrhea, indigestion, irritable bowel syndrome, headaches and is even thought to help control mild asthma, stress and protect us from the common cold.

An incredibly popular herbal tea, camomile tea is best known for aiding sleep, but has also been linked to fighting off colds, menstrual cramps, inflammation and muscle spasms. Camomile tea also has high antioxidant levels.

The far east has always been one step ahead with its magical potion that is green tea. This tea is made up of polyphenols which are considered the most potent antioxidants. Green tea has been linked to health benefits such as stabilising diabetes, aiding digestion, assisting in weight loss programmes, and slowing the aging process. These antioxidants have also been found to help lessen high cholesterol.

Indigenous to the South African herb 'rooibus,' red tea provides all the benefits of green tea and more - all without caffeine. The wonder tea contains zinc and alapa hydroxyl acid for healthy skin, magnesium for a healthy central nervous sytem, and calcium, manganese, and fluoride for healthy teeth and bones. Studies have also shown that red tea has a soothing property and can be used directly on the skin to relieve irritation.

Jasmine tea, made from green tea leaves with added jasmine flowers, comes with many of the same health benefits and is thought to be particularly good at lowering cholesterol levels.

New research suggests that white tea is now the healthiest of all. As the least processed of all teas, the health-benefitting ingredients of white tea are preserved instead of lost. It contains the highest level of polyphenols, known as disease-preventing antioxidants, and has ten times the antioxidants found in vitamin E and twenty times the antioxidants found in vitamin C.

Like many of our other teas, Oolong is rich in antioxidant polyphenols which prevent cancer and keep the heart in top shape. The added benefit of Oolong, however, is that it has much less caffeine than black tea.

Dive into Leeds's pool of art

A giant funnel has plunged into the city's defunct swimming pool. If only the space could be saved from demolition for more wonderful art installations ...

Emptied of water it makes an amazing space; if only it could be saved from demolition, that play on the famous hymn could be its new name. Amazing Space, the Tate Modern Turbine Hall of the north. The first, and alas only exhibitors, Germany's Office for Subversive Architecture, prove the point with a vast textile funnel from roof to, almost, pool floor tiles.

Called the Accumulator, the Leeds' funnel is notionally capable of catching the city's rainwater from the leaking roof at a rate that would refill the pool in 12 years. In Manchester it would probably take a week.